In a rare bit of “spam that was useful”, Perforce (who I guess own the Zend brand now?) published/publicized a white paper on how to get started with PHP Extension development.
I don’t think there’s anything in here that isn’t up on the PHP Internals Book website or in the long out of print Extending and Embedding PHP — but the same information in a different form can often lead to different results. Worth a read if you want to dabble in PHP Internals development.